On Tuesday, September 22, New York Fed President John Williams spoke at the 2026 U.S. Treasury Market Conference about how innovations in market structure have impacted monetary policy implementation.
At the New York Fed, our mission is to make the U.S. economy stronger and the financial system more stable for all segments of society. We do this by executing monetary policy, providing financial services, supervising banks and conducting research and providing expertise on issues that impact the nation and communities we serve.
Julie Lasson
On Tuesday, September 22, New York Fed President John Williams spoke at the 2026 U.S. Treasury Market Conference about how innovations in market structure have impacted monetary policy implementation.
Rubi Renovato and Sophia Lansell
The overnight U.S. Treasury repo market has experienced remarkable growth, with underlying transaction volumes for the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) expanding from around $1 trillion in early 2022 to $3 trillion today. At the same time, this essential component of the financial system has become increasingly complex, with new segments introduced as market participants adopt central clearing. This article discusses a simplified framework to understand the complex mechanics and flows of the evolving market. This concept, referred to as the Client Segments Framework, helps the Open Market Trading Desk at the New York Fed (the Desk) monitor the repo market, an important market for the transmission of monetary policy, and report conditions to key stakeholders.
Maneesha Shrivastava
The Future of Market Liquidity and Functioning Workshop, which the New York Fed co-hosted in July with The Clark Center for Global Markets at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, focused on forthcoming changes in securities clearing, potential innovations in payments processing, and how both could impact the underlying structure of markets, market functioning, and monetary policy implementation.
Jonathan Kivell, Maria Carmelita Recto, and Jacob Scott
Communities around the nation are grappling with a shortage of affordable housing. In this article, the second in a two-part series, we highlight key ideas from a recent roundtable the New York Fed held with Second District policymakers, bankers, and developers. The discussion centered on factors that are limiting the supply of affordable housing and the possibility that creative financing could spur new affordable developments.
Claire Kramer Mills and Javier Silva
New York State, like much of the country, is grappling with producing more housing units—including those serving low- and moderate-income residents. The New York Fed and NYU’s Furman Center recently convened a series of roundtables that brought together builders, developers, and housing experts to discuss affordable housing challenges and solutions. This article, the first in a two-part series on the issue, reflects the discussion, with a focus on factors that make housing more expensive to build and ideas to reduce costs and increase production.
Tony Davis, Edison Reyes, and Javier Silva
As part of the New York Fed’s efforts to understand economic conditions throughout the Federal Reserve’s Second District, the Community Development team meets with local leaders to hear about the economic experiences of low- and moderate-income communities. During a June visit to Rochester and Buffalo, a few themes emerged: housing challenges, the possibilities of AI, and workforce shortages. Leaders also spoke about challenges for community-based organizations.
Morgan White and Meghan Marks
The 2026 New York Fed Innovation Conference, held in June, centered on recent innovations in technology and finance, exploring the critical role regulators and the private sector play in supporting modernization and stability.
Brian Manning
On Monday, August 3, Reuters published a transcript of an interview with New York Fed President John Williams, who discussed his outlook for inflation, monetary policy, and the FOMC’s commitment to achieving price stability.
Julie Lasson
In remarks in New York City on July 15, New York Fed President John C. Williams spoke about the U.S. economic outlook, New York City’s economy, and how the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is working to achieve its dual mandate goals of maximum employment and price stability at a time of great uncertainty.
John C. Williams
Editor’s note: New York Fed President John C. Williams prepared the following remarks for delivery on Thursday, June 25 at the Crane’s Money Fund Symposium. President Williams was not able to participate in the event, and the speech was not delivered publicly. We have published the text of his remarks here at the originally scheduled time.
The Teller Window is a publication featuring expert knowledge and insight from the New York Fed, including thoughts and perspectives from senior leaders. It offers a deep look at issues that matter to the Federal Reserve’s Second District and the nation.
Articles on the Teller Window focus on the people and programs that help the New York Fed support the U.S. economy. They are written for a wide audience with the aim of illustrating what we are doing and why it matters. Stories include editorials, interviews, explainers, and reports on events and trends in our communities and region. The Teller Window is edited by the Communications and Outreach Group on behalf of the New York Fed. Separately, for analysis from New York Fed economists working at the intersection of research and policy, please see Liberty Street Economics.
The New York Fed began publishing on the Teller Window in November 2022. Articles with dates earlier than November 2022 were originally published by the New York Fed on Medium.
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